A Treatise On The Principles And Practice Of Dock Engineering

viii CONTENTS. PAGE Disintegration at Aberdeen—Official Explanation and Possible Causes _Dr. Michaelis on Cement in Sea Water—Suggested Protec- tive Measures—Practical Notes on Mixing Concrete—Strength of Concrète—Sample Compositions—Iron and Steel—Alloys with Man- ganèse and Nickel—Impurities—Varibtibs of Cast Iron, Wrought Iron, and Steel—Defects in Manufactured Iron—Spécifications for Castings, Plates, and Bars-Working Strength—Tests-Weights- Corrosion of Iron and Steel—Effect or Sea Water on Dock Gates _______Pkeservative Agents—Timber—Varieties used for Dock Work— SELECTION OF TiMBER—Destruction AND DECAY—Means OF PRESERVATION _______Stone—Kinds Employed—Destructive Agencies, . . . IH CHAPTER V.- Dock and Quay Walls. Definition—Functions under Various Conditions Stresses in iRetaining Walls—Overturning Forces —Angles of Repose—Theory or Conjugate Pressures — Coulomb’s Theorem — Chaudy’s Theorem—Weight of Earthwork — Surcharge — Restraining Forces — Countereorts Tie gAEs _____Weight or Masonry — Empirical Formulas — Conditions of Stability—Centres of Gravity—Typical Example—Practical Points __________Natural Foundations—Stratified Sites—Artificial Foundations Piling—Wells and Cylinders-General Methods or Construction, with Examples of Quay Walls at Newcastle, Cork, Glasgow, Liverpool, Belfast, Ardrossan, Marseilles, Antwerp, Rotterdam, Dublin, Kurrachee, Suez, Bougie, and Sfax — Considération of Instances or Failure at Altona, London, Southampton, Calcutta, and Liverpool—Underpinning—Miscellaneous Types of Wall at Hull, Greenock, London, Liverpool, and Manchester, . . . . 151 CHAPTER VI.—Entranees, Passages, and Loeks. General Aspects of the Subject—Site—Effect of Wind, Wave, and Current—Direction—Size—Draught of Water in Approach Channel — Arrangement and Types—Simple Entkances, Locks, and Half-tide Basins—Maintenance of Fairway—Sluicing—Velocity of Efflux Friction of Culverts—Coefficients of Discharge—Sluicing Arrange- ments at Liverpool, Ostend, Honfleur, Ramsgate, Dover, and Dublin _____SCRAPING AND SCUTTLING—DREDGING—LOCK FOUNDATIONS —BOILS AND Springs—Instances at Hull and Liverpool—Suggestions for Treat- MEnt _____Grouting—Stock-ramming—Sand Concrete—Look Construction __________Sills Platforms — Recesses — Walls — Culverts — Penstocks or Cloughs _____Stoney Sluicbs — Fan Gates — Pivotted Gates — Duration or Levblling Opérations—Examples of Dock Entrances at Liverpool, Dunkirk Buenos Ayres, Kidderpur, Eastham, Barry, Ardrossan, Hull, and Bremerhaven, ....,-. CHAPTER VII.—Jetties, Wharfs, and Piers. Définitions—Stresses—Wave Action —Force or Impact Results or Impact _____Observed Pressures—Instances of Wave Action Design of Jetties and Piers — Construction — Concrete Mass, Bag, and Block W ork — Drbssed Masonry and Rubble Mounds—Fascine Work Open Timber Framing and Grib Work—Columnar Structures and Frameworks or